(or, Unless You Do)
I have seen a lot of questions lately about whether or not
neurotypical people stim, have special interests, etc. I’ve written about it
before in reply to others’ questions, but it keeps coming out so I want to
address the issue more directly.
Do neurotypical people stim? No. Do neurotypical people have
special interests? No. Do allistics stim? Some do. Do allistics have special
interests? Some do.
Have I ruffled your feathers yet? Look, I know this stance
is going to irk some people, and I know there are going to be autistics even
that disagree with me. But I think it is an important distinction and one worth
making.
Simply put, autistics
are significantly marginalized for stimming and having special interests. Neurotypical people are not.
What about neurodiverse allistics? I say, “Some do,” here
because I do not know, not exactly. There are other neurodiversities that are
in a similar position as autistics, but I do not have those neurodiversities so
I have not researched them in depth; they exist and that is the extent of my
knowledge. I leave it to those voices to read my arguments and to speak up for
themselves; I will take them at face value if they do.
Of course, that raises the question of how autistics are
marginalized for stimming and having special interests. To understand that we
need a little digression: What are stimming and special interests, and where do
those words come from?
Stimming and special interest are both indirect reclamations
of clinical terms that are used to pathologize autistics. Stimming comes from
the phrase, “repetitive self-stimulatory behavior” which is the definition of
the clinical term, “stereotypic behavior” or “stereotypy” or “stereotyped
behavior.” Special interests have a different source, and come from the phrase,
“circumscribe or perseverative interests.”
As clinical terms, stereotypy and circumscribed interests mean
something very specific, and both are part of the diagnostic criteria that is
used to diagnose autistics and patholgoize us. Section B, of the Autism
Spectrum Disorder diagnostic criteria from the DSM-V states (1)(View Source):
B. Restricted,
repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities, as manifested by at
least two of the following, currently or by history (examples are illustrative,
not exhaustive; see text):
- Stereotyped or repetitive motor movements, use of objects, or speech (e.g., simple motor stereotypes, lining up toys or flipping objects, echolalia, idiosyncratic phrases).
- […]
- Highly restricted, fixated interests that are abnormal in intensity or focus (e.g., strong attachment to or preoccupation with unusual objects,
excessively circumscribed or perseverative interests).
- […]
Many of us have written about our experiences with being
shunned, bullied, or even outright abused because of our inability to cease
stimming or break from our special interests. In fact, there is an entire
cottage industry dedicated specifically to breaking us of these habits as early
as possible; Applied Behavioral Analysis. ABA writings by autistics are also
widely available; fair warning though, some of it is scary abusive.
I cannot speak directly to ABA because it is not something I
directly experienced. However, I do stim publicly and openly, and I do have
special interests. My special interests almost resulted in my failing high
school because I was so absorbed in them, and as a consequence to my failures I
was abused. I was in my mid-thirties before I was able to come to terms with
the abuse I went through, and there are still days that I struggle with it. My
PTSD is a direct result of the way I was treated for having special interests
that interfered with what others expected of me.
That is a very real marginalization with very real and
lasting consequences.
At the same time, some allistic people are not marginalized
for these things. A great example of this is how anxiety coping techniques often
include physical stims. Therapists have given anxious people stress balls since
I was child at least, and encourage them to make a habit of using them to help
ground and relieve anxiety. The very same behavior that might be used to
pathologize an autistic is used to treat anxiety.
Is someone who is anxious neurodiverse? Of course they are. Does
someone who is anxious benefit from the repetitive activity? Of course they do.
Is it stimming? No; they are not pathologized and/or marginalized for the
behavior. In fact, quite the opposite – they are rewarded for it.
I am not going to say that all allistic people do not stim
or have special interests. I know there are other neurodiversities that either
use these things as diagnostic criteria, or for which they are recognized
behaviors. I know there are neurodiversities for which they are not diagnostic
criteria or professionally recognized behavior, but are recognized within those
communities. I am not trying to say these are invalid – quite the opposite;
when a community comes together and says, “This is a thing for us,” I am going
to listen. They likely know themselves better than the professionals. And if
they say, “We are marginalized for this,” I am going to take them at their word
that they have lived experiences of marginalization.
What I am saying is that there is a difference between repetitive
behaviors that a person might enjoy or use to cope with something and stimming.
I am saying there is a difference between being really interested in something
and having a special interest.
What I am suggesting is that people give serious consideration
to the way we are pathologized and marginalized and recognize that there is a
lot more to stimming and special interests than what we see on the surface.
Autistics and other neurodiversities that stim and have special interests face direct ableism that harms us because of those activites. Others do not, and that plays a significant part in what separates us and in what makes our stimming and special interests what they are.
Sources:
-
Facts About ASDs. (2016). CDC –
Facts about Autism Spectrum Disorders – NCBDDD. Retrieved 5 October 2016,
from http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/hcp-dsm.html
Maybe you’re taking the right approach. But I would have preferred to emphasize how universal stimming is, in hopes that it won’t be pathologized. Once a term becomes synonymous with “human being,” it’s much harder to marginalize someone for being described by it.
I just really don’t like telling people that they can’t use a label that applies to me. It feels too much like exclusion. And autistics, of all people, should know how destructive exclusion can be. Of course there are some assholes who trivialize serious concepts for jokes, and they should shut up. But if someone’s using a term earnestly, in good faith, my inclination would be not to get in their way.
I don’t know. I’m certainly biased here in favor of letting people say what they want. But emphasizing your marginalization feels more acceptable to me than trying to kick people out of a term.
Regardless, thank you for being civil and reasonable while discussing a controversial topic. I hope I’ve maintained a similar tone. Please let me know if I said something inadvertently offensive.
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