This is a good blog post on The Eating Disorder Institute (formerly Your Eatopia) about the topic: “
Gaining Weight Despite Calorie Restriction
” The author includes many scientific sources.
In general, though, your confusion comes from the over-simplified myths about weight that permeate our culture.
First, fat is not only an energy storage device, it is also an important endocrine organ. This means that the fat organ regulates hormones, and thus, helps to regulate the functioning of many other organ systems in the body. So the fat organ can grow in response to non-food-related factors, like chronic stress or sleep deprivation, as part of the body’s adaptive response to those factors. (And guess what is stressful? Dieting and weight loss.)
Second, when people do not consume enough energy to meet their needs, two biological processes are triggered. The first is catabolism, which is the process of breaking down the body’s cells to release the energy and nutrients stored in those cells. That energy is then used to fuel the body. This is what people usually think happens when people restrict their food intake to lose weight: the body breaks down fat for energy. Of course, when catabolism does happen, fat calls are not the only cells that are broken down: the body also breaks down muscles, organs, bones, and ligaments to access necessary nutrients and energy. (Yikes.)
But the second process that is triggered by an energy deficit is metabolic suppression: The body slows down all the basic, life sustaining processes of the body to conserve energy.
Losing approximately 10% of your body weight initially slows these life sustaining processes by approximately 15%. And people continue to restrict their energy intake, over time, these life sustaining processes can slow by as much as 30%. Metabolic suppression can also become more reactive over time and repeated bouts of starvation (aka “dieting”). So someone who has dieted in the past will have a metabolism that slows more quickly and more dramatically in response to food restriction compared to someone who has never dieted.
So a person can gain weight while restrictive dieting because an energy deficit causes the body to slow all the life sustaining processes of the body in favour of growing the fat organ, which helps the body to survive in times of stress.
This is some serious shit, people, and it’s a big part of the reason that intentional weight loss through restrictive dieting is so unhealthy.
so if the metabolism is slowed, how does that impact the energy deficit? does it mean less calories are “needed”? because that could work out, stating probably too simply, that if less energy is being used then there is more excess to store as fat.
and if fat growth is happening despite restriction, is catabolization happening?
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